Electronic Circuits and Tutorials
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Physics Science Abbreviations
Semiconductor Symbols and Abbreviations
| µA | Microampere (average) |
| µa | Microampere (peak) |
| A | Ampere (AC rms or DC) |
| a | Ampere (peak) |
| A (amp) | Ampere |
| A/D | Analog to digital |
| AC | Alternating current |
| AC/DC | Alternating current or direct current |
| ADC | Analog-to-digital converter |
| AF | Audio frequency |
| AFC | Automatic frequency control |
| AFC | Automatic flow controller, used in controlling the flow of gasses under pressure into a vacuum system |
| AFT | Automatic fine tuning |
| AGC | Automatic gain control |
| Ah | Ampere hour |
| i | Current gain |
| AM | Amplitude modulation |
| AM/FM | Amplitude modulation or Frequency modulation |
| AMM | Analog multimeter |
| antilog | Antilogarithm |
| p | Power gain |
| apc | Automatic phase control |
| v | Voltage gain |
| AVC | Automatic volume control |
| AWG | American wire gauge |
| B | Flux density |
| B | Base electrode |
| BCD | Binary coded decimal |
| bfo | Beat frequency oscillator |
| BJT | Bipolar junction transistor |
| BV | Breakdown voltage |
| BVCEO | Breakdown voltage, collector-to-emitter junction reverse biased (base open) |
| BVCER | Breakdown voltage, collector-to-emitter junction reverse biased (specified resistance) |
| BVCES | Breakdown voltage, collector-to-emitter junction reverse biased (base shorted) |
| BVCEX | Breakdown voltage, collector-to-emitter junction reverse biased (base-emitter back biased) |
| BVCOB | Breakdown voltage, collector-to-base junction reverse biased (emitter open) |
| BW | Bandwidth |
| c | Centi (10-2) |
| C | Capacitance or capacitor |
| C | Capacitance; collector electrode |
| C (Q) | Coulomb |
| C(dep) | Depletion layer capacitance |
| C(dif) | Diffusion capacitance |
| CAD | Computer aided design |
| CAM | Computer aided manufacture |
| CATV | Cable TV |
| CB | Common base configuration |
| CB | Citizen's band |
| CC | Common collector |
| CE | Common emitter |
| Ce | Internal collector junction capacitance. |
| Cib | Input Capacitance, common base |
| CL | Load capacitance |
| cm | Centimeter |
| cmil | Circular mil |
| Cob | Output capacitance, common base |
| Coe | Output capacitance, common emitter |
| CPU | Central processing unit |
| CR cr | Junction diode |
| CRO | Cathode ray oscilloscope |
| CRT | Cathode ray tube |
| CT | Total capacitance |
| cw | Continuous transmission |
| d | Deci (10-1) |
| D/A or D-A | Digital to analog |
| DC | Direct current |
| Di or Di | Change in current |
| DIP | Dual in-line package |
| DMM | Digital multimeter |
| DPDT | Double pole double throw |
| Dt or Dt | Change in time |
| DTL | Diode transistor logic |
| Dv or Dv | Change in voltage |
| DVM | Digital voltmeter |
| e | Instantaneous difference in potential |
| E | Emitter electrode |
| E DC or E rms | Difference in potential |
| ECG | Electrocardiogram |
| ECL | Emitter coupled logic |
| EHF | Extremely high frequency |
| EHV | Extra high voltage |
| ELF | Extremely low frequency |
| EMF | Electromotive force |
| EMI | Electromagnetic interference |
| EW | Electronic warfare |
| f | Frequency |
| fab | Common base small-signal short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio cutoff frequency (emitter input) |
| fae | Common emitter small-signal short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio cutoff frequency |
| FET | Field effect transistor |
| FF | Flip Flop |
| fil | Filament |
| FM | Frequncy modulation |
| fosc | Maximum frequency of oscillation |
| fpg | Power gain cutoff frequency |
| fr | Frequency at resonance |
| fref | Reference frequency |
| FSD | Full scale deflection |
| fsk | frequency-shift keying |
| G | Gravitational force |
| G | Conductance |
| G | Giga (109 ) |
| Gb | Power gain (common base) |
| Gc | Power gain (common collector) |
| Ge | Power gain (common emitter) |
| gm | Small-signal transconductance |
| gM, gFE | Static or DC transconductance |
| GM, GFE | Large-signal transconductance |
| H | Henry |
| H | Magnetic field intensity |
| H | Magnetizing flux |
| h | hecto (102) |
| h | Hybrid |
| HF | High frequency |
| hfb | Common base small signal short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio |
| hfe | Common emitter small-signal short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio (base input) |
| hFE | Common emitter DC short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio current gain (IC / IB) |
| HFE | Common emitter large-signal short-circuit forward current transfer-ratio |
| hib | Common base small-signal short-circuit input impedance (emitter input) |
| hie | Common emitter small-signal short-circuit input impedance (base input) |
| hob | Common base small-signal open-circuit output admittance (emitter input) |
| hoc | Common collector small-signal open-circuit output admittance (base input) |
| hoe | Common emitter small-signal open-circuit output admittance (base input) |
| hp | Horsepower |
| hrb | Common base small signal open-circuit reverse transfer voltage ratio (emitter input) |
| hrc | Common collector small signal open-circuit reverse transfer voltage ratio (base input) |
| hre | Common emitter small signal open-circuit reverse transfer voltage ratio (base input) |
| Hz | Hertz |
| I | Current |
| i | Instantaneous current |
| I/O | Input/output |
| IB | Average base current (DC) |
| Ib | Instantaneous base current (AC rms) |
| ib | Base current (peak) |
| IB | DC Base current |
| IC | Integrated circuit |
| IC | Collector current (DC) |
| Ic | Collector current (AC rms) |
| ic | Collector current (peak) |
| IC | DC Collector current |
| ICBO, ICO | Collector cutoff current (emitter open) |
| ICEO | Collector cutoff current (base open) |
| ICER | Collector cutoff current (specified resistance base-emitter) |
| ICERV | Collector cutoff current (reverse voltage on base) |
| IE | Average emitter current (DC) |
| Ie | Instantaneous emitter current (AC rms) |
| ie | Instantaneous emitter current (peak) |
| Ie | Total emitter current |
| IEBO | Emitter cutoff current (collector open) |
| Ieff | Effective current |
| IF | Intermediate frequency |
| IF | Forward current (DC) |
| iF | Forward current (DC) |
| iFr | Forward recovery current (specified instantaneous value) |
| Imax | Maximum current |
| Imin | Minimum current |
| IO | Output current (DC) |
| IR | Infrared |
| IR | Reverse current (DC) |
| iR | Reverse current (peak) |
| IR | Resistor current |
| iRr | Reverse recovery current (specified instantaneous value) |
| IS | Secondary current |
| isurge | Surge current |
| IT | Total current |
| IZ | Average Zener current |
| iZ | Instantaneous Zener current (AC rms) |
| IZK | Zener knee current |
| IZM | Zener maximum current |
| IZT | Zener test current |
| JFET | Junction field effedt transistor |
| K | Coefficient of coupling |
| k | Kilo (103) |
| K | Kilohm |
| kHz | Kilohertz |
| kV | Kilovolt |
| kVA | Kilovoltampere |
| kW | Kilowatt |
| kWh | Kilowatt-hour |
| L | Coil, inductance |
| LC | Inductance-capacitance |
| LC | Conversion loss |
| LCD | Liquid crystal display |
| L-C-R | Inductance-capacitance-resistance |
| LDR | Light-dependent resistor |
| LED | Light emitting diode |
| LF | Low frequency |
| LM | Mutual inductance |
| LNA | Low noise amplifier |
| LO | Local oscillator |
| LSI | Large scale integration |
| LT | Total inductance |
| M | Mega (106) |
| M | Mutual conductance |
| m | Milli (10-3 ) |
| mA | Milliampere |
| mA | Milliampere (average) |
| ma | Milliampere (peak) |
| mAa-c | Milliampere (AC rms) |
| mAd-c | Milliampere (DC) |
| mag | Magnetron |
| max | Maximum |
| MF | Medium frequency |
| mH | Millihenry |
| MHz | Megahertz |
| MI | Mutual inductance |
| min | Minimum |
| mm | Millimeter |
| mmf | Magnetomotive force |
| MOS | Metal oxide semiconductor |
| MOSFET | Metal oxide semiconductor field effect transistor |
| MPU | Microprocessor unit |
| MSI | Medium scale integrated circuit |
| mV | Millivolt |
| mW | Milliwatt |
| mW | Milliwatt (Max., Average, or rms) |
| mw | Milliwatt (peak) |
| N | Number of turns in an inductor |
| N | Revolutions per minute |
| n | Nano (10-9) |
| N | Negative |
| nA | Nanoampere |
| NC | Normally closed |
| NC | No connection |
| NEG, neg | Negative |
| nF | Nanofarad |
| NF | Noise figure |
| nH | Nanohenry |
| nm | Nanometer |
| NO | Normally open |
| NPN | Negative-positive-negative |
| ns | Nanosecond |
| nsec | Nanosecond (Millimicrosecond) |
| nW | Nanowatt |
| OP AMP | Operational amplifier |
| P | Pico (10-12) |
| P | Power |
| p | Instantaneous power |
| P | Positive, also peak |
| P | Power dissipation of all terminals (average total) |
| p | Power dissipation of all terminals (peak) |
| PA | Public address or power amplifier |
| pA | Picoampere |
| PAL | Programmable Array Logic |
| PAM, pam | Pulse amplitude modulation |
| Pap | Apparent power |
| Pav | Average power |
| Pb | Power dissipation of base (average) |
| pb | Power dissipation of base (peak) |
| Pc | Power dissipation of collector (average) |
| pc | Power dissipation of collector (peak) |
| PCB | Printed circuit board |
| PCM, pcm | Pulse-code modulation |
| Pd | Power dissipation of device (average) |
| PDM | Pulse-duration modulation |
| Pe | Power dissipation of emitter (average) |
| pe | Power dissipation of emitter (peak) |
| pF | Picofarad |
| PIV | Peak inverse voltage |
| PLD | Programmable Logic Device |
| PLL | Phase locked loop |
| PM | Phase modulation, also Permanent magnet |
| PNP | Positive-negative-positive |
| POT, pot | Potentiometer |
| P-P | Peak to peak |
| PPM | Pulse-position modulation |
| PRF | Pulse repetition frequency |
| PRT | Pulse repetition time |
| pw | Pulse width |
| PWM, pwm | Pulse width modulation |
| Q | Charge, also quality |
| q | Instantaneous charge |
| Q | Transistor |
| R | Potentiometer |
| RAM | Random access memory |
| RB | External base resistance |
| rb', rBB' | Internal base spreading resistance |
| RC | Resistance-capacitance, also Radio controlled |
| RC | External collector resistance |
| rcvr | Receiver |
| RE | External emitter resistance |
| rect | Rectifier |
| ref | Reference |
| rf | Radio frequencies |
| RF | Radio frequencies |
| RFI | Radio frequency interference |
| RL | Load resistor |
| RL | Resistance, load |
| RLC | Resistance-capacitance-inductance |
| RMS, rms | Root mean square |
| ROM | Read only memory |
| rpm | Revolutions per minute |
| Rsat | Saturation resistance |
| SCR | Silicon controlled rectifier |
| SHF | Super high frequency |
| SIP | Single in-line package |
| SNR | Signal-to-noise ratio |
| SPDT | Single pole double throw |
| sq cm | Square centimeter |
| SSB | Single sideband |
| SW | Short wave |
| SWR | Standing-wave ratio |
| SYNC, sync | Synchronous |
| T | Tera (1012) |
| T | Torque |
| T | Transformer |
| t | Time in seconds |
| T | Temperature |
| t | Time |
| TA | Temperature, ambient |
| TC | Time constant, also temperature coefficient |
| TC | Temperature, case |
| TCBV | Temperature coefficient of breakdown voltage |
| td | Pulse delay time |
| TE | Transverse electric |
| temp | Temperature |
| tf | Pulse fall time |
| tfr | Forward recovery time |
| THz | Terahertz |
| Tj | Junction temperature |
| TM | Transverse magnetic |
| tP | Pulse time |
| TR | Transmit-receive |
| tr | Pulse rise time |
| ts | Pulse storage time |
| TTL | Transistor-transistor logic |
| TV | Television |
| TWT | Travelling wave tube |
| UHF | Ultra high frequency |
| UHV | Ultra high voltage |
| UJT | Unijunction transistor |
| UV | Ultraviolet |
| V | Vacuum tube |
| v | Instantaneous voltage |
| V | Volt (DC) |
| v | Volt (peak) |
| V, v | Volt |
| VA | Volt ampere |
| Va-c | Volt (AC) |
| Vav | Voltage (average value) |
| VBB | Base voltage (DC) supply |
| VBE | DC voltage base to emitter |
| VBE | Emitter voltage (DC) (base to emitter) |
| Vc | Capacitive voltage |
| VCC | Collector voltage (DC) supply |
| VCE | DC voltage collector to emitter |
| VCEsat | Collector to emitter saturation voltage |
| VCO | Voltage controlled oscillator |
| VEC | Emitter voltage (DC) (emitter to collector) |
| VEE | Emitter voltage (DC) supply |
| VF | Forward voltage drop |
| Vfe | Floating potential |
| VHF | Very high frequency |
| Vin | Input voltage |
| VL | Inductive voltage |
| VLF | Very low frequency |
| Vm, Vmax | Maximum voltage |
| VO | Output voltage (DC) |
| vO | Output voltage (DC) |
| VOM | Volt ohm milliameter |
| Vout | Output voltage |
| Vp | Primary voltage |
| VPT | Voltage, punch-through |
| VR | Reverse voltage (DC) |
| Vr | Reverse voltage (peak) |
| VS | Source voltage |
| VSWR | Voltage standing wave ratio |
| VT | Total voltage |
| VZ | Zener voltage |
| W | Watt |
| W | Watts (Max., Average, or rms) |
| w | Watts (peak) |
| XC | Capacitive reactance |
| XL | Inductive reactance |
| Y | Admittance |
| Z | Impedance |
| Zin | Input impedance |
| Zo | Output impedance |
| Zp | Primary impedance |
| Zs | Secondary impedance |
| ZT | Total impedance |
| Zz | Zener impedance |
| Zzk | Zener impedance, knee |
| Zzt | Zener impedance, test |