Description:
These two circuits are multi-range timers offering periods
of up to 24 hours and beyond. Both are essentially the same.
The main difference is that when the time runs out, Version
1 energizes the relay and Version 2 de-energizes it. The
first uses less power while the timer is running; and the
second uses less power after the timer stops. Pick the one
that best suits your application.
Notes:
The Cmos 4060 is a 14 bit binary counter with a built in
oscillator. The oscillator consists of the two inverters
connected to Pins 9, 10 & 11; and its frequency is set by
R3, R4 & C3. The green Led flashes while the oscillator is
running: and the IC counts the number of oscillations.
Although it's a 14 bit counter, not all of the bits are
accessible. Those that can be reached are shown on the
drawing.
By adjusting the frequency of the oscillator you can set the
length of time it takes for any given output to go high.
This output then switches the transistor; which in turn
operates the relay. At the same time, D1 stops the count by
disabling the oscillator. Ideally C3 should be
non-polarized; but a regular electrolytic will work,
provided it doesn't leak too badly in the reverse direction.
Alternatively, you can simulate a non-polarized 10uF
capacitor by connecting two 22uF capacitors back to back (as
shown).
Using "Trial and Error" to set a long time period would be
very tedious. A better solution is to use the Setup tables
provided; and calculate the time required for Pin 7 to go
high. The Setup tables on both schematics are
interchangeable. They're just two different ways of
expressing the same equation.
For example, if you want a period of 9 Hours, the Range
table shows that you can use the output at Pin 2. You need
Pin 2 to go high after 9 x 60 x 60 = 32 400 seconds. The
Setup table tells you to divide this by 512; giving about 63
seconds. Adjust R4 so that the Yellow LED lights 63 seconds
after power is applied. This will give an output at Pin 2
after about 9 Hours. A suitable Veroboard layout for each
version is shown below:
The timer was designed for a 12-volt supply. However,
provided a suitable relay is used, the circuit will work at
anything from 5 to 15-volts. Applying power starts the
timer. It can be reset at any time by a brief interruption
of the power supply. The reset button is optional; but it
should NOT be used during setup. The time it takes for the
Yellow LED to light MUST be measured from the moment power
is applied. Although R1, R2 and the two LEDs help with the
setup, they are not necessary to the operation of the timer.
If you want to reduce the power consumption, disconnect them
once you've completed the setup. If you need a longer period
than 24-hours, increase the value of C3.
